What is calico cat?

A calico cat is not a breed, but rather a color pattern. The term "calico" refers to a cat with a predominantly white coat with patches of other colors, most commonly black and orange or red.

• Genetics: Calico coloration is primarily linked to the X chromosome. The gene for orange or black coat color is located on the X chromosome. Since female cats have two X chromosomes (XX), they can express both colors (orange and black), resulting in the calico pattern. Male cats, with only one X chromosome (XY), typically only express one of these colors. A male calico cat is rare and usually results from a genetic abnormality where they have an extra X chromosome (XXY). This condition is called Klinefelter's Syndrome
• Color Variations: Calico patterns can vary widely. The amount of white, as well as the size and distribution of the colored patches, differ from cat to cat. A "dilute calico" has patches of gray and cream rather than black and orange. Tortoiseshell cats are often confused with calico cats. Tortoiseshell cats have a mottled mixture of colors but little or no white.
• Temperament: There is no concrete evidence linking calico coloration to a specific temperament. Anecdotally, some people believe calico cats have a distinct personality, but this is likely due to individual cat personalities rather than the specific color pattern. The breed is more likely to influence temperament.
• Breeds: The calico pattern can occur in many different breeds of cats, including American Shorthair, Japanese Bobtail, and Persian.